Family Planning

Case study: fertility decline in Iran

Farnaz Vahidnia
2007

Iran has experienced one of the most successful family planning programs in the developing world, with 64 percent decline in total fertility rate (TFR) between 1986 and 2000. This paper focuses on Iranians’ unique experience with implementation of a national family planning program. Recognition of sensitive moral and ethical aspects of population issues resulted in successful collaboration of technical experts and religious leaders. Involvement of local health workers, women health volunteers and rural midwives led to great community participation. Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data...

Atlas of Contraception

Malcolm Potts
Pramilla Senanayake
2008

This revised and updated Atlas provides a comprehensive guide to modern contraceptive practice. The book is heavily illustrated with color photographs and line drawings that guide the reader through the various options available and provide a valuable educational resource. The supporting text offers a concise description of family planning in today’s world.

Family planning is needed, simple and inexpensive. This book provides an invaluable resource for the wide range of physicians and allied health workers who advise and deliver contraceptive care.

Published by Informa...

Letter: Effect of Contraceptive Access on Birth Rate

Malcolm Potts
Martha Campbell
2008

Letter in response to the Perspective “REPRODUCING IN CITIES” by Mace published in Science February 2008 in Science

Published in Science, May 16 2008, 874

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Saving maternal lives in resource-poor settings: Facing reality

Ndola Prata
Amita Sreenivas
Farnaz Vahidnia
Malcolm Potts
2009

Literature review to identify interventions that require minimal treatment/infrastructure and are not dependent on skilled providers. Simulations were run to assess the potential number of maternal lives that could be saved through intervention implementation according to potential program impact. Regional and country level estimates are provided as examples of settings that would most benefit from proposed interventions.

Three interventions were identified: (i) improve access to contraception; (ii) increase efforts to reduce deaths from unsafe abortion; and (iii) increase access to...

Adolescent Childbearing in Nicaragua: A Quantitative Assessment of Associated Factors

Katherine C. Lion
Ndola Prata
Chris Stewar
2009

CONTEXT: Nicaragua has one of the highest adolescent fertility rates in the world, but little is known about why approximately half of Nicaraguan women give birth before age 20.

METHODS: Data from the 2001 Nicaragua Demographic and Health Survey were used to examine the sexual and reproductive behavior of 3,142 females aged 15–19. Age at sexual debut and age at first birth were assessed using life table analysis, and the impacts of various factors on these measures were then examined in Cox proportional hazard models. Among sexually active females, current use of modern...

The theoretical and political framing of the population factor in development

Martha Campbell
Kathleen Bedford
2009

The silence about population growth in recent decades has hindered the ability of those concerned with ecological change, resource scarcity, health and educational systems, national security, and other global challenges to look with maximum objectivity at the problems they confront. Two central questions about population—(i) is population growth a problem? and (2) what causes fertility decline?—are often intertwined; if people think the second question implies possible coercion, or fear of upsetting cultures, they can be reluctant to talk about the first. The classic and economic theories...

Where next? Conclusion for ‘The impact of population growth on tomorrow’s world’

Malcolm Potts
2009

This paper provides a personal perspective on the rich discussions at the Bixby Forum. The size, rate of growth and age structure of the human population interact with many other key factors, from environmental change to governance. While the details of future interactions are sometimes difficult to predict, taken together they pose sombre threats to a socially and economically sustainable future for the rich and to any realistic possibility of lifting the world’s bottom two billion people out of poverty. Adaptive changes will be needed to cope with an ageing population in countries with...

Are the population policies of India and China responsible for the fertility decline?

Nadia Diamond-Smith
Malcolm Potts
2010

In the 1970s, policy-makers in both India and China, convinced that reducing population growth was critical for ending poverty, instituted coercive population policies. Yet fertility had already been declining in both countries before the population policies were instituted. In China, the total fertility rate (TFR) had already fallen to 2.9 before the institution of the One-Child Policy. In India, fertility continued to decline at roughly the same rate before, during and after ‘The Emergency’. Regardless of government mandates, couples in both countries before the policies and since have...

Another lesson unlearned: access to family planning in Niger

Gidi V
2010
Samuel Loewenberg provides a vivid description of increasing hunger in Niger (Aug 21, p 579), but gives insufficient emphasis to the imperative to increase access to voluntary family planning. Niger has a total fertility rate of 7·4, 49% of the population is younger than 15 years, and the current population of 15·9 million is projected to grow to between 52 and 64 million by 2050, making it the second most populous country in Africa. Only 15% of women enter primary school, and only one in ten uses any form of contraception. The total fertility rate of 3·3 assumed in “low” population projections...

Maternal mortality: one death every 7 min

Ndola Prata
Malcolm Potts
Nuriye Nalan Sahin-Hodoglugil
2010

This comment in the explores the role of policy and research in using the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and suggest a joint meeting by WHO and FIGO to revisit the 2009 statement by WHO which does not recommend the use of misoprostol at the community level.

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